calicocloud-aks-workshop

Module 3: Pod access controls

Goal: Leverage network policies to segment connections within the AKS cluster and prevent known bad actors from accessing the workloads.

Steps

Test connectivity between application components and across application stacks, since we don’t have network policy in place, the pods are reachable from any endpoints.

a. Test connectivity between workloads within each namespace.

 # test connectivity within dev namespace
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://nginx-svc 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity within default namespace
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI frontend 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=frontend -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c server -- sh -c 'nc -zv productcatalogservice 3550'

b. Test connectivity across namespaces.

 # test connectivity from dev namespace to default namespace
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://frontend.default 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity from default namespace to dev namespace
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://nginx-svc.dev 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

c. Test connectivity from each namespace to the Internet.

 # test connectivity from dev namespace to the Internet
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://www.bing.com 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity from default namespace to the Internet
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI www.bing.com 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

All of these tests should succeed if there are no policies in place to govern the traffic for dev and default namespaces.

Apply staged default-deny policy.

Staged default-deny policy is a good way of catching any traffic that is not explicitly allowed by a policy without explicitly blocking it.
```
 kubectl apply -f demo/10-security-controls/staged.default-deny.yaml
```
Review the network policy created by clicking Policies on the left menu. A staged default deny policy has been created in the default tier. You can view or edit the policy by double clicking the policy.

You can view the potential affect of the staged default-deny policy if you navigate to the Dashboard view in your Calico Cloud Manager UI and look at the Packets by Policy histogram.

To view more traffic in the Packets by Policy histogram we can generate traffic from the centos pod to the frontend service.
```
 # make a request across namespaces and view Packets by Policy histogram
 for i in {1..5}; do kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://frontend.default 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'; sleep 2; done
```
The staged policy does not affect the traffic directly but allows you to view the policy impact if it were to be enforced.
Apply network policies to control East-West traffic.
```
 # deploy dev policies
 kubectl apply -f demo/dev/policies.yaml

 # deploy boutiqueshop policies
 kubectl apply -f demo/boutiqueshop/policies.yaml

 # deploy policies for pods to access metadata API
 kubectl apply -f demo/20-egress-access-controls/netset.metadata-api.yaml
 kubectl apply -f demo/20-egress-access-controls/metadata-policy.yaml
```
Now as we have proper policies in place, we can enforce default-deny policy moving closer to zero-trust security approach. You can either enforced the already deployed staged default-deny policy using the Policies Board view in your Calico Cloud Manager UI, or you can apply an enforcing default-deny policy manifest.
```
 # apply enforcing default-deny policy manifest
 kubectl apply -f demo/10-security-controls/default-deny.yaml
```
If the above yaml definition is deployed the policy Staged default-deny can be deleted through the Web UI. Within the policy board click the edit icon from the Staged default deny policy in the default tier. Then click Delete

Test connectivity with policies in place.

a. The only connections between the components within each namespaces should be allowed as configured by the policies.

 # test connectivity within dev namespace
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://nginx-svc 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity within default namespace
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI frontend 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

b. The connections across dev and default namespaces should be blocked by the global default-deny policy.

 # test connectivity from dev namespace to default namespace
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://frontend.default 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity from default namespace to dev namespace
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://nginx-svc.dev 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

c. The connections to the Internet should be blocked by the configured default-deny policies.

 # test connectivity from dev namespace to the Internet
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://www.bing.com 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

 # test connectivity from default namespace to the Internet
 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get po -l app=loadgenerator -ojsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c main -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI www.bing.com 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'

Implement egress policy to allow egress access from a workload in one namespace, e.g. dev/centos, to a service in another namespace, e.g. default/frontend. After the deployment, you can view the policy details under platform tier in Policies Board

a. Deploy egress policy.
```
 kubectl apply -f demo/20-egress-access-controls/centos-to-frontend.yaml
```
b. Test connectivity between dev/centos pod and default/frontend service.
```
 kubectl -n dev exec -t centos -- sh -c 'curl -m2 -sI http://frontend.default 2>/dev/null | grep -i http'
```
The access should be allowed once the egress policy is in place.

Module 2 :arrow_left: :arrow_right: Module 4

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